Tear involves pulling something apart or into pieces: Tear 含有把某物扯开或扯成碎片的意思:“She tore the letter in shreds” (Edith Wharton). “她把信撕成碎片” (伊迪丝·沃顿) 。Rip implies rough or forcible tearing apart or away, often along a dividing line such as a seam or joint: Rip 暗指经常沿分割线,例如裂缝或接合线,粗暴的或用力的撕开或撕掉:Carpenters ripped up the old floorboards. 木匠们拆开旧的地板 。
Rend usually refers to violent tearing or wrenching apart: Rend 通常指猛烈的撕扯或猛力扭开:“Come as the winds come, when/Forests are rended” (Sir Walter Scott). To split is to cut or break something into parts or layers, especially along its entire length or along a natural line of division: “像风一样到来,当时/森林撕裂” (沃尔特·司各特爵士) 。Split 意为把某物切割或打断成几部分或几层,尤指沿它的整个长度或沿自然的分割线:“They [wood stumps] warmed me twice— once while I was splitting them, and again when they were on the fire” (Henry David Thoreau). “它们〔木桩〕 使我温暖了两次—— 一次是当我劈开它们时,另一次是当它们正烧着的时候” (亨利·戴维·索罗) 。
Cleave most often refers to splitting with or as if with a sharp instrument: Cleave 最经常指用或好象用锋利工具劈:“The apple's cleft right through the core” (J.C.F. von Schiller).”苹果的裂缝正好通过果实的心” (J.C.F.冯·席勒) 。
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