因此,撰写英文摘要更应注意简洁明了,力争用最短的篇幅提供最主要的信息 。中英文摘要的一致性主要是指内容方面的一致性 。
对这个问题的认识存在两个误区,一是认为两个摘要的内容“差不多就行”,因此在英文摘要中随意删去中文摘要的重点内容,或随意增补中文摘要所未提及的内容,这样很容易造成文摘重心转移,甚至偏离主题 。二是认为英文摘要是中文摘要的硬性对译,对中文摘要中的每一个字都不敢遗漏,这往往使英文摘要用词累赘、重复,显得拖沓、冗长 。
英文摘要应严格、全面的表达中文摘要的内容,不能随意增删,但这并不意味着一个字也不能改动,具体撰写方式应遵循英文语法修辞规则,符合英文专业术语规范,并照顾到英文的表达习惯 。选择适当的时态和语态,是使摘要符合英文语法修辞规则的前提 。
通常情况下,摘要中谓语动词的时态和语态都不是通篇一律的,而应根据具体内容而有所变化,否则容易造成理解上的混乱 。但这种变化又并非无章可循,其中存在着如下一些规律:1) 英文摘要的时态 。
英文摘要时态的运用以简练为佳,常用一般现在时、一般过去时,少用现在完成时、过去完成时,进行时态和其他复合时态基本不用 。A. 一般现在时 。
用于说明研究目的、叙述研究内容、描述结果、得出结论、提出建议或讨论等 。涉及到公认事实、自然规律、永恒真理等,也要用一般现在时 。
B. 一般过去时 。用于叙述过去某一时刻(时段)的发现、某一研究过程(实验、观察、调查等过程) 。
需要指出的是,用一般过去时描述的发现、现象,往往是尚不能确认为自然规律、永恒真理的,而只是当时如何;所描述的研究过程也明显带有过去时间的痕迹 。C. 现在完成时和过去完成时 。
完成时少用,但不是不用 。现在完成时把过去发生的或过去已完成的事情与现在联系起来,而过去完成时可用来表示过去某一时间以前已经完成的事情,或在一个过去事情完成之前就已完成的另一过去行为 。
2) 英文摘要的语态 。采用何种语态,既要考虑摘要的特点,又要满足表达的需要 。
一篇摘要很短,尽量不要随便混用,更不要在一个句子里混用 。在多数情况下采用被动语态 。
采用被动语态的情况主要有:说明事实经过时,某件事是谁 。
3.英语文章应该怎么写 相对于英语的其它题目,作文的综合要求可能更高一点,那么我们就以这次考试的作文为例子来讲讲英语作文怎么写. 首先我先说说同学们在做作文的时候常常遇到的问题,然后我再给出一个大概的解决方法,最后呢,我们联系这次考试的作文题来实战一番. 从我们题目的要求来看,是一个记事的记叙文,并且是一个看图说话类的,所有的素材都在我们的图片里面了.那么我们就要先把图片仔细的看一下,选好线索,显然图片里面的钟暗示我们选择时间为我们的叙事线索.其次要选择好一个时态的问题,我们可以以晚上回忆的方式来叙述这个事情 。
那么都是过去时 。那么开头是一个比较困难的事情,大家也许不知道从何说起.这里我给出了一个例子. Our class had already planned to go to Handian Nursing Home to visit those old people living there . We were all eager to go there as soon as we can. And today this time really came, so you could image how happy we were. At about 8:00 in the morning , with tools in hands, we went out of our school towards the Handian Nursing Home 下面我们不必过多的描述在路上的情形,我们重点将描述在敬老院里面的情形. It was about 9:00 when we arrived there. Though we were a little tired, none of us wanted to have a rest. As some of those old people seldom came out, so some of us helped them walk around to breathe the fresh air. Some help them to wash their clothes, and the others swept the ground. Most of us never do such things at home, so we maybe didn't do these well, but we all tried our best. At about 11:55,we had lunch with them, and our monitor stood for us to bless them devoutly. During the lunch time, we were all very happy. After lunch, we had a party with those old people. Before we came here, we had already prepared some songs for them. As we expected, they all felt great pleased with our programs. Though maybe we didn't performed well, the smile on their faces made us very happy. 该到说再见的时候了,一定要注意收尾工作. Happy time always goes fast. Though we didn't notice that we had stayed here for a long time, the clock on the wall informed us clearly that it was time for us to go home. So we had to say good bye to those old people. On the way home, we all said this was really a significant day, and we decided to come back again whenever we had time. 。